Cairo: A new publication by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, titled "Strategic Balance: Features of Egyptian Foreign Policy over Ten Years," delves into the evolving relationship between Egypt and Europe, highlighting the transition from neighborhood ties to a robust strategic partnership. The book dedicates a significant chapter to this transformation, emphasizing the strategic balance framework articulated by President Abdel Fattah El Sisi, which has become central to Egypt's national interest doctrine.
According to State Information Service Egypt, the book underscores Egypt's adept foreign policy maneuvers amidst prolonged Mediterranean crises and occasional tensions post the June 30 Revolution. It highlights the establishment of strategic partnerships with the European Union and bilateral relations with key European nations like Italy, Russia, Germany, France, Greece, and Cyprus. This approach underscores the application of strategic balance, broadening Egypt's foreign policy options and partnerships while aligning with the nation's interests.
Historically, Egypt has served as a vital gateway between Europe and the East. The publication cites geographer Gamal Hamdan, noting Egypt's historical role as a bridge connecting Africa and Europe, despite being geographically distant from Europe. Over the past decade, Egypt's foreign policy has evolved, emphasizing strategic diversification.
Efforts to strengthen relations with the European Union are detailed, moving beyond traditional frameworks such as the 2001 Egypt-EU Partnership Agreement and the 2004 European Neighborhood Policy. Post-2013, Egypt engaged extensively with European countries and EU institutions to clarify domestic developments following the June 30 Revolution, fostering dialogue to enhance strategic relations.
In a significant move in 2015, Egypt played a proactive role in shaping a new European Neighborhood Policy, influencing its framework and ensuring mutual accountability. This collaboration led to the adoption of the Participation Priorities Document for 2017-2020 during the 2017 Partnership Council, marking a qualitative leap in relations. A subsequent document for 2021-2027 was approved in 2022, further solidifying the bilateral relationship.
The relationship reached a pivotal milestone in 2024 with the elevation of Egypt-EU relations to a Comprehensive Strategic Partnership. A Joint Declaration was signed on March 17, 2024, by President El Sisi and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, in the presence of key European leaders. This declaration established a framework for cooperation across six main areas, including biennial presidential summits and an economic stability package of pound 7.4 billion.
These developments resulted from intensive diplomatic engagements and high-level visits. President Sisi's interactions with European leaders in Brussels and New Delhi, alongside the European Commission President's visit to Egypt, underscored the commitment to elevating the relationship.
The publication also notes the EU's role as Egypt's largest trading partner, accounting for 25% of Egypt's total foreign trade. Trade volume between Egypt and the EU grew from pound 23 billion in 2014 to pound 32.5 billion in 2024, with Egyptian exports primarily comprising fuel, mining products, chemicals, and agricultural goods. The EU also stands as Egypt's largest foreign investor, with investments reaching pound 27.6 billion in 2022.