Washington: Twenty-five years after the September 11 attacks, the United States' war on terror has seen significant developments and challenges. The prolonged wars in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria largely defeated global terrorist groups Al Qaeda and Daesh, involving extensive deployment of American troops. However, the strategy adopted post-9/11 has also resulted in widespread death and destruction, crippling nations from Afghanistan to the energy-rich Middle East.
According to TRTworld.com, Washington leveraged its military power to overthrow regimes in Kabul and Baghdad, citing their alleged support for terror groups planning attacks on American soil. Yet, the war on terror strategy has been criticized for creating more instability. In Afghanistan, the US ousted the Taliban only to later facilitate their return following a chaotic withdrawal. In Iraq, Saddam Hussein's removal led to internal conflict and the rise of Daesh, while boosting pro-Iran groups and Tehran's influence in the region.
The US is currently embroiled in another Middle East conflict with Iran, a nation Washington often labels a terror regime, indicating a continuation of post-9/11 policies. Although former President Donald Trump expressed a desire to end the conflict, there is no clear path to resolution, with experts warning that military power alone is insufficient. The US faces challenges in achieving political legitimacy and sustainable outcomes, as seen in Afghanistan and Iraq, where military superiority could not resolve complex ethnic and sectarian issues.
Experts highlight the discrepancies between American military capabilities and political objectives, which have led to difficulties in establishing durable political orders. US policy reviews have identified numerous issues, including incoherent strategy and lack of understanding of local conditions. The interventions have also created political backlash and strained alliances, with NATO divisions emerging over the expanded agenda post-9/11.
Critics of the post-9/11 strategy argue that the lack of well-defined objectives has made it more challenging compared to the Cold War era. Former US diplomat Matthew Bryza notes that the focus on regime change and nation-building has led to new instabilities. The current situation with Iran is seen as a continuation of the flawed approach, prompting debates on the US's role in Middle East conflicts.
Experts also point out that the focus on the Middle East has distracted the US from addressing great power rivalries with China and Russia. The post-9/11 wars have diverted resources and strategic attention, leaving regions like Eastern Europe vulnerable to Russian influence. The strategy has allowed China and Russia to gain economic and military power, challenging American global supremacy.